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Copper is reddish, lustrous, ductile, malleable metal. It is second only to silver in electrical conductivity and is also a good conductor of heat. Copper is one of the earliest known metals and is believed to have been mined for over 5,000 years. Though it occasionally occurs native, copper is often found in other minerals including cuprite, malachite, and chalcopyrite.
Melting Point1083°CBoiling Point2562°C
Density8.94g/cm3Themal Conductivity0.941cal/cm2/cm/s/°C
Specific Heat @ 20°C0.0918cal/g°CLatent Heat of Fusion48.9cal/g
Heat of Vaporization72.8k-cal/g-atomAtomic Volume7.1W/D
First Ionization Energy178K-cal/g-moleElectronegativity1.9Pauling's
Covalent Radius1.17AngstromsVickers Hardness @ 20°C3.0
Linear Coefficient of Expansion @ 20°C16.42x10-6K-1Electrical Resistivity @ 20°C1.673µΩ-cm
Crystal StructureCubic, face centeredTensile Strength (annealed)30,000psi